Electromagnetic switch.



Patented Aug. 26, 1902. J. L. CREVELING.

ELECTROMAGNETIC SWITCH.

(Application Sled Nov. 18, 1901.)

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UNITED STATES JOIIN Ii. CREVELING, OF NEV YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO SAFETY CAR HEATING da LIGHTING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEV JERSEY.

ELECTROMAGNETIC SWITCH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 707,763, dated August 26, 1902.

Application led November 18, 1901. Serial No. 82,715. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom, t may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN L. CREVELING, a

citizen of the United States, and a resident of the borough of Manhattan, city, county, and State of NewYork, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electromagnetic Switches, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates, primarily, to storagero battery systems of electrical distribution, and has for its object to produce an electromagnetic-switch apparatus adapted to complete the circuit between the generator and the storage battery when the voltage of the gen- 'erator and the storage battery shall become approximately equal.

In the accompanying drawing Ihave shown by way of illustration an apparatus in which one form of my invention is embodied.

2o In the form of my invention which I have shown I accomplish the object of my invention by winding the switch with coils deriving current from the generator and a coil deriving current from the battery-circuit and arranging these coils to work in opposition to each other. This of course, if the coils be properly wound and proportioned, will cause the closing voltage to vary with the voltage of the battery. The battery-coil of the elec- 3o tromagnetic switch is shown as controlled by a small coil or other source of operative motion operated by current derived from the generator. The principal function of this small switch is to open the battery-circuit through the said coil and prevent waste of current when the generator is not running. This switch may be adj usted to close the battery-circuit at a comparatively low voltage, which may vary within wide limits.

4o In the drawing the generator is indicated generally by 1 and is herein shown as having an armature 2 and a shunt-coil 3. From the brush 4E the main 5 leads to a battery 6 and translating device 7. From the brush S a maint) leads through the coil 10 of the electromagnetic switch and then to the terminal 11 of the said switch, a main'12 being connected to the other terminals of the battery and translating devices to the other terminal 5o 13 of the electromagnetic switch. The bridgepiece lat, adapted to connect the terminals 11 and 13, is carried upon a solenoid-core 15, which is pivoted at 16 to a yoke 17, rigidly connected to a solenoid-core 18, which is surrounded by the coil 10. Surrounding the pivoted core 15 is a coil 19, which is connected by wire 2O to the generator-main 9 and by wire 21,through a small magnet 22,170 the main 5 of the machine, the coils 19 and 22 beingin serieswitheachotherandinshunttothearma- 6c ture of the generator. A coil 23 surrounds the coil 10 and is adapted to acton the solenoid-core 1S to oppose the action of the solenoid 19 on the magnetic circuit constituted by the core 1S, the yoke 17, the core 15, and the pole-pieces 24. and 25 of the cores 1S and 15, respectively, and their air-gap. The circuit of the coil 23 is controlled by the contacts 26 27, governed by the armature 2S ofthe magnet 22. The coil 23 is connected to one side of the battery- 7o circuit by the wire 29 and at times to the other side of the battery-circuit by the .wire 30.

lt will be observed that the pole-pieces never entirely reach contact with each other, and in this sense there is between them a permanentair-gap, Varying in width in accordancewith the position of the movable polepiece, the members 13 and 14: being so constructed as to always maintain the air-gap between the pole-pieces. 8o

The operation of the construction is as follows: When the part-s are in the position shown in the gure, no current is passing and the switch will remain in its open position. It the generator be started up, current will be sent through the coil 19 of the electromagnetic switch and they auxiliary or controlling coil 22. IVhen the voltage of the generator rises to a suitable height-say half the normal voltage of the batterythe coil 22 9o will attract its armature 2S, thereby closing at the points 26 27 the battery-circuit through the coil 23. The coils 19 23 will oppose each other and the electromagnetic switch will not go in until the voltage of the generator has risen to a point where it substantially equals the voltage of the battery, whereupon it' the coils be properly wound and proportioned the electromagnetic switch operates to close the generator main circuit at the contacts 11 13 1o: 14, whereupon the generator-current will flow through the coil 10 and will aid to maintain the switch closed until upon the `cessation of the supply of current by the generator the generator-voltage drops below that of the battery, whereupon the switch will open and the armature 28 will also swing clear of its magnet, so as to open the battery-circuit through the switch in yorder that no current may be thereby wasted during stops. lt will be observed that owing to the air-gap and the fact that the members 24 25 are polarized by their respective coils the tendency will be when the coils 19 23 alone are acting to set up a double flux, one coil diverting the flux of the other, and that when all three coils are in action the coil 10 will overpower the coil 23, and the tendency Will then be to set up a single flux due to the joint efforts of coils 10 19 acting against coil 23.

Having described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,

1. An electromagnetic switch including a coil receiving current from a generator, acoil adapted to receive current from a battery, the said coils being on opposite sides of an air-gap and serving to set up a plurality of fluxes diverging at the air-gap, and a device controlled from the generator for aording means for the passage of current through the battery-coil at predetermined times.

2. An electromagnetic switch having an airgap and adapted to close the generator-circuit and comprising in its structure a plurality of coils adapted to receive current from a generator, one of the said coils tending to set up a flux on one side of the ain-gap, a coil adapted to receive current from a battery and tending to set up a flux on the other side of the air-gap, and means controlled by the generator for manipulating the circuit of the battery-coil.

3. An electromagnetic switch having a permanent air-gap and comprising in its structure a generator-coil and a battery-coil, each tending separately to set up a flux through the kmagnetic circuit, and whose joint effort is to set up liuxesA on opposite sides of the airgap, which iiuxes diverge at the air-gap.

4:. An electromagnetic switch having a permanent air-gap comprising in its structure a generator-coil and a battery-coil, each tending separately to set up a flux through the magnetic circuit, and whose joint effort is to set up fluxes on opposite sides of the air-gap, whereby the fluxes diverge at the air-gap, and means for controlling the battery-switch coil.

5. In a system of electrical distribution, the combination of a generator and battery, and electromagnetic means for controlling a circuit, comprising a generator-switch coil, a battery-switch coil whose joint effort is to set up Huxes on opposite sides of the air-gap, and diverging at the air-gap, and automatic means for manipulating the circuit of the battery-switch coil.

6. In a system of electrical distribution, the

combination of a generator and battery, with a switch having a permanent air-gap, a coil in shunt to the generator, a coil in shunt to the battery and opposing the first-named coil, and whose joint effort is to set up iuxes on opposite sides of the air-gap, and diverging at the air-gap, a coil in series with the generator, and means for manipulating the current through the said coil, so that the said coil will oppose the battery-coil when current flows from the generator to the battery, and will aid the battery-coil when current iiows from the battery to the armature of the generator.

' '7. In a system of electrical distribution, the combination of a generator and battery, an electromagnetic switch having a permanent air-gap and receiving current from the genl erator and the battery, the iniuence of said currents setting up separate magnetic iiuxes on opposite sides of the permanent air-gap in the magnetic circuit of said switch.

8. A main switch containing a magnetic circuit of high permeability, and an air-gap, and receiving current from a batterycand from a generator, each of said currents when acting alone tending to establish fluxes throughout said circuit in opposite directions, but the resultant effort causing diversion of the magnetic fluxes at the air-gap.

9. Acircuit containingagenerator and storage battery, and an electromagnetic switch having a permanent air-gap, a coil in shunt to the generator, and a coil in series with the generator, and a coil in shunt to the battery establishing a single ux in the switch when all the coils are active, and tending to set up independent fluxes in different limbs of the magnetic circuit when the coil in series with the generator is inactive.

10. A switch having a magnetic circuit comprising two members with an air-gap between them, one member having its flux established by a winding in shunt to the generator, the other member having a winding deriving current from a battery and a winding in series with the generator.

11. A system of electrical distribution embodying a line-switch comprising in its structure a coil in shunt to the generator-mains, a coil deriving current from the battery, the said coils opposing each other and tending to initiate a plurality of uxes on opposite sides of the air-gap of the magnetic circuit and a coil in series with the generator.

12. An electromagnetic switch comprising a magnetic circuit including two limbs separated by a permanent air-gap, a coil establishing a flux through one limb on one side of the air-gap, an opposing coil establishing a iux through the other limb on the opposite side of the air-gap, and a coil opposing one of the said coils and tending to set up a single flux in the magnetic circuit.

13. The combination in a switch of two members of high permeability with a permanentair-gap, one fixed and the other movable,

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15. A line-switch embodying` fixed and movable parts separated by a permanent air-gap, polarizing-coils therefor, the said coils tending to set up independent iluxes, and an opposing coil for one of the said coils, whereby when tWo of the coils are in action, aplurality of fluxes will be established, and when all three of the coils are in action theywill jointly tend to establish a single flux.

JOHN L. OREVELING.

lVitnesses:

HENRY W. yKIRALFY7 GEO. E. MORSE. 

